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Gila-San Francisco Coordinating Committee - Technical Subcommittee
Reference Literature - Relevant Desert Southwest

Riparian

Abernethy, B. , & Rutherfurd, I. D. (1998). Where along a river's length will vegetation most effectively stabilise stream banks? Geomorphology, 23, 55-75.
Amlin, N. A., & Rood, S. B. (2001). Inundation tolerances of riparian willows and cottonwoods. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 1709-1720.
Amlin, N.M. and S.B. Rood. 2002.Comparative tolerances of riparian willows and cottonwoods to water-table decline. Wetlands 22:338-346.
Anderson, B.W., P.E. Russell, and R.D. Ohmart. 2004. Riparian revegetation: an account of two decades of experience in the arid southwest. Avvar Books, Blythe, CA.
Apple, L. L. (1985). Riparian Habitat Restoration and Beavers. (USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS.
Asplund, K. K. and M. T. Gooch. 1988. Geomorphology and the distributional ecology of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) in a desert riparian canyon. Desert Plants 9 (1): 17-27.
Auble, G., Friedman, J., Scott, M., & Shafroth, P. (1998) Gradient Models Predicting Changes in Riparian Vegetation from Altered Streamflow [Web Page].
http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/projects/gradient_models_streamflow.html.
Auble, G. T., Friedman, J. M., & Scott, M. L. (1994). Relating riparian vegetation to present and future streamflows. Ecological Applications, 4, 544-554.
Bagstad, K.J., Stromberg, J.C. and S.J. Lite. In Press. Response of herbaceous riparian plants to rain and flooding on the San Pedro River, Arizona. Wetlands.
Baker, M.B., Jr., P.F. Ffolliott, L.R. DeBano, and D.G. Neary. 2004. Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: hydrology, ecology, and management. Lewis Publishers.
Beauchamp, V.B. 2004. Effects of flow regulation on a Sonoran riparian ecosystem, Verde River, Arizona. PhD Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Bendix, J. and C.R. Hupp. 2000. Hydrological and geomorphological impacts on riparian plant communities. Hydrological Processes 14:2977-2990.
Boles, P. H., & Dick-Peddle, W. A. (1983). Woody riparian vegetation patterns on a segment of the Mimbres River in southwestern New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist, 28, 81-87.
Braatne, J.H. S.B. Rood and P.H. Heilman. 1996. Life history, ecology, and conservation of riparian cottonwoods in North America. Pages 57-85 in R.F. Stettler, H.D. Bradshaw, Jr., P.E. Heilman, and T.M. Hinckley, editors. Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Bragg, O. M., Hulme, P. D., Ingram, H. A. P., Johnson, J. P., & Wilson, A. I. A. (1994). A maximum-minimum recorder for shallow water tables, developed for ecohydrological studies on mires. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 589-592.
Bren, L. J. (1993). Riparian zone, stream and floodplain issues: A review. Journal of Hydrology, 150, 277-299.
Campbell, C. J., & Green, W. (1968). Perpetual succession of stream-channel vegetation in a semiarid region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, 5, 86-98.
Cooper, D. J. (1993). Sustaining and restoring western wetland and riparian ecosystems threatened by or affected by water development projects. (Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247). Fort Collins, CO: USDA Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Cooper, D.J., D.M. Merritt, D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, USA. Regulated Rivers-Research & Management 15:419-440.
Drezner, T.D., P.L. Fall, and J.C. Stromberg. 2001. Plant distribution and dispersal mechanisms at the Hassayampa River Preserve, Arizona, USA. Global Ecology & Biogeography 10:205-212.
Dykaar, B.B. and P.J. Wigington. 2000. Floodplain formation and cottonwood colonization patterns on the Willamette River, Oregon, USA. Environmental Management 25:87-104.
Everitt, B. L. (1968). Use of the Cottonwood in an Investigation of the Recent History of a Floodplain. American Journal of Science, 266, 417-439.
Everitt, B. L. 1995. Hydrologic factors in regeneration of Fremont cottonwood along the Fremont River, Utah. Geophysical Monograph 89:197-208.
Everitt, B.L., 1979, Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region: discussion: Geological Society of America bulletin, Part I, v. 90, p. 1183.
Fenner, P., Brady, W. W., & Patton, D. R. (1984). Observations on seeds and seedlings of Fremont cottonwood. Desert Plants, 6, 55-58.
Fenner, P., W. W. Brady, and D. R. Patton. 1985. Effects of regulated water flows on regeneration of Fremont cottonwood. Journal of Range Management 38 : 135-138.
Franz, E. H., & Bazzaz, F. A. (1977). Simulation of vegetation response to modified hydrologic regimes: A probabilistic model based on niche differentiation in a floodplain forest. Ecology, 58(1), 176-183.
Friedman, J.M. and V.J. Lee. 2002. Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams. Ecological Monographs 72:409-425.
Friedman, J.M., W.R. Osterkamp, and W.M. Lewis. 1996. The role of vegetation and bed-level fluctuations in the process of channel narrowing. Geomorphology 14:341-351.
Galuszka, D.A. and T.E. Kolb. 2002. Tree growth and regeneration response to climate and stream flow in a species-rich southwestern riparian forest. Western North American Naturalist 62:266-279.
Gladwin, D.N. and J.E. Roelle. 1998. Survival of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) and saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) seedlings in response to flooding. Wetlands 18:669-674.
Graf, W.L., 1978, Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1491-1501.
Graf, W.L., 1982, Tamarisk and river-channel management: Environmental Management, v. 6, p. 283-296.
Groeneveld, D. P., & Griepentrog, T. E. (1985). Interdependence of Groundwater, Riparian Vegetation, and Streambank Stability: A Case Study. (USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS.
Gurnell, A. M. (1995). Vegetation along river corridors: Hydrogeomorphological interactions. in A. Gurnell & G. Petts (Eds.), Changing River Channels (pp. 239-259). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Griffin, E. R., and J. D. Smith. 2004. Floodplain stabilization of woody riparian vegetation during an extreme flood. Water Science and Application 8:153-169.
Hadley, R.F., 1961, Influence of riparian vegetation on channel shape, northeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424C, p. 30-31.
Harner, M.J. and J.A. Stanford. 2003. Differences in cottonwood growth between a losing and a gaining reach of an alluvial floodplain. Ecology 84:1453-1458.
Hastings, J.R., 1959, Vegetation change and arroyo cutting in southeastern Arizona: Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, v. 1, p. 60-67.
Heede, B. H. (1985). Interactions Between Streamside Vegetation and Stream Dynamics. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS.
Horton, J. L., & Clark, J. L. (2001). Water table decline alters growth and survival of Salix gooddingi and Tamarix chinensis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 140, 239-247.
Horton, J.L., S.C. Hart, and T.E. Kolb. 2003. Physiological condition and water source use of Sonoran Desert riparian trees at the Bill Williams River, Arizona, USA. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 39:69-82.
Horton, J.L., T.E. Kolb, and S.C. Hart. 2001. Physiological response to groundwater depth varies among species and with river flow regulation. Ecological Applications 11:1046-1059.
Horton, J.L., T.E. Kolb, and S.C. Hart. 2001. Responses of riparian trees to interannual variation in ground water depth in a semi-arid river basin. Plant Cell and Environment 24:293-304.
Hughes, F. M. R. (1994). Environmental Change, Disturbance and Regeneration in Semi-Arid Floodplain Forests. In A. C. Millington & K. Pye (Ed.), Environmental Change in Drylands (pp. 321-345). New York: Wiley & Sons.
Hughes, F.M.R. 1997. Floodplain biogeomorphology. Progress in Physical Geography 21:501-529.
Hupp, C. R., & Simon, A. (1991). Bank Accretion and the Development of Vegetated Depositional Surfaces Along Modified Alluvial Channels. Geomorphology, 4, 111-124.
Hupp, C.R. and Osterkamp, W.R. (1996). Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphic Processes. Geomorphology, 14: 277-295.
Johnson, W.C. 2000. Tree recruitment and survival in rivers: influence of hydrological processes. Hydrological Processes 14:3051-3074.
Johnson, W.C. 2002. Riparian vegetation diversity along regulated rivers: contribution of novel and relict habitat. Freshwater Biology 47:749-759.
Kalischuk, A.R., S.B. Rood, and J.M. Mahoney. 2001. Environmental influences on seedling growth of cottonwood species following a major flood. Forest Ecology and Management 144:75-89.
Karrenberg, S., P.J. Edwards, and J. Kollmann. 2002. The life history of Salicaceae living in the active zone of floodplains. Freshwater Biology 47:733-748.
Kranjcec, J., J.M. Mahoney, and S.B. Rood. 1998. The responses of three riparian cottonwood species to water table decline. Forest Ecology and Management 110:77-87.
Levine, C.M. and J.C. Stromberg. 2002. Effects of flooding on native and exotic plant seedlings: implications for restoring south-western riparian forests by manipulating water and sediment flows. Journal of Arid Environments 49:111-131.
Lite, S.J. 2003. San Pedro River riparian vegetation across water availability and flood disturbance gradients. PhD Dissertation. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Lite, S.J. and J.C. Stromberg. 2005. Ground-water and surface water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, Arizona. Biological Conservation. In Press.
Lytle, D. A. , & Merritt, D. M. (2004). Hydrologic regimes and riparian forests: A structured population model for cottonwood. Ecology, 85, 2493-2503.
Lytle, D.A. and N.L. Poff. 2004. Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19:94-100.
Mahoney, J. M., & Rood, S. B. (1991). A device for studying the influence of declining water table on poplar growth and survival. Tree Physiology, 8, 305-314.
Mahoney, J. M., & Rood, S. B. (1992). Response of a hybrid poplar to water table decline in different substrates. Forest Ecology and Management, 54, 141-156.
Mahoney, J. M., & Rood, S. B. (1998). Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment--An integrative model. Wetlands, 18, 634-645.
Merritt, D.M. and D.J. Cooper. 2000. Riparian vegetation and channel change in response to river regulation: A comparative study of regulated and unregulated streams in the Green River Basin, USA. Regulated Rivers-Research & Management 16:543-564.
Moglen, G. E., Eltahir, E. A. B., & Bras, R. L. (1998). On the sensitivity of drainage density to climate change. Water Resources Research, 34(4), 855-862.
Nilsson, C. and M. Svedmark. 2002. Basic principles and ecological consequences of changing water regimes: Riparian plant communities. Environmental Management 30:468-480.
Ohmart, R.D. and B.W. Anderson. 1982. North American desert riparian ecosystems. Pages 433-479 in G.L. Bender, editor, Reference Handbook on the deserts of North America. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, USA.
Patten, D. T. (1998). Riparian ecosystems of semi-arid North America: Diversity and human impacts. Wetlands, 18, 498-512.
Pettit, N.E., R.H. Forend, and R.H. Davies. 2001. Identifying the natural flow regime and the relationship with riparian vegetation for two contrasting Western Australian rivers. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 17:201-215.
Platts, W. S., Gebhardt, K. A., & Jackson, W. L. (1985). The Effects of Large Storm Events on Basin-Range Riparian Stream Habitats. (USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS.
Renard, K.G., Keppel, R.V., Hickey, J.J., and Wallace, D.E. 1964. Performance of local aquifers as influenced by stream transmission losses and riparian vegetation: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, v. 7, p. 471-474
Richter, H. E. (1992). Development of a Conceptual Model for Floodplain Restoration in a Desert Riparian System. Arid Lands Newsletter, 32(Spring/Summer), 13-17.
Richter, B.D. and H.E. Richter. 2000. Prescribing flood regimes to sustain riparian ecosystems along meandering rivers. Conservation Biology 14:1467-1478.
Richter, B.D., R. Mathews, D.L. Harrison, and R. Wigington. 2003. Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity. Ecological Applications 13:206-224.
Rood, S.B., J.H. Braatne, and F.M.R. Hughes. 2003. Ecophysiology of riparian cottonwoods: stream flow dependency, water relations and restoration. Tree Physiology 23:1113-1124.
Rood, S.B., C.R. Gourley, E.M. Ammon, L.G. Heki, J.R. Klotz, M.L. Morrison, D. Mosley, G.G. Scoppettone, S. Swanson, and P.L. Wagner. 2003. Flows for floodplain forests: a successful riparian restoration. BioScience 53:647-656.
Scott, M. L. , Friedman, J. M., & Auble, G. T. (1996). Fluvial processes and the establishment of bottomland trees. Geomorphology, 14, 327-339.
Scott, M. L., P. B. Shafroth, and G. T. Auble. 1999. Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines. Environmental Management 23 (3): 347-358.
Scott, M.L., Lines, G.C., and Auble, G.T. 2000. Channel incision and patterns of cottonwood stress and mortality along the Mojave River, California: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 44, p. 399-414.
Shafroth, P.B., J.C. Stromberg, and D.T. Patten. 2000. Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes. Western North American Naturalist 60:66-76.
Shafroth, P.B., J.C. Stromberg, and D.T. Patten. 2002. Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes. Ecological Applications 12:107-123.
Sher, A.A., D.L. Marshall, and S.A. Gilbert. 2000. Competition between native Populus deltoids and invasive Tamarix ramosissima and the implications of reestablishing flooding disturbance. Conservation Biology 14:1744-1754.
Sher, A.A. and D.L. Marshall, DL. 2003. Seedling competition between native Populus deltoides (Salicaceae) and exotic Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) across water regimes and substrate types American. Journal of Botany 90:413-422.
Sher, A.A., D.L. Marshall, and J.P. Taylor. 2002. Establishment patterns of native Populus and Salix in the presence of invasive nonnative Tamarix. Ecological Applications 12:760-772.
Siegel, R. S., & Brock, J. H. (1990). Germination Requirements of Key Southwestern Woody Riparian Species. Desert Plants, 10(1), 3-33.
Sigafoos, R. S. (1964). Botanical Evidence of Floods and Flood-Plain Deposition. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 485-A). Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Simon, A., S. J. Bennett, and V. S. Neary. 2004. Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphology; problems and opportunities. Water Science and Application 8:282.
Snyder, K.A., and D.G. Williams. 2000. Water sources used by riparian trees varies among stream types on the San Pedro River. Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 105:227-240.
Sorenson, S. K., Dileanis, P. D., & Branson, F. A. (1991). Soil Water and Vegetation Responses to Precipitation and Changes in Depth to Ground Water in Owens Valley, California. (US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2370). Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
Stromberg, J. C. (1993). Instream flow models for mixed deciduous riparian vegetation within a semiarid region. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 8, 225-235.
Stromberg, J. 1998. Dynamics of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) populations along the San Pedro River, Arizona. Journal of Arid Environments 40:133-155.
Stromberg, J. C. (2001). Biotic integrity of Platanus wrightii riparian forests in Arizona: First approximation. Forest Ecology and Management, 142, 251-266.
Stromberg, J. C., & Patten, D. T. (1996). Instream flow and cottonwood growth in the Eastern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 12, 1-12.
Stromberg, J. C., Patten, D. T., & Richter, B. D. (1991). Flood Flows and Dynamics of Sonoran Riparian Forests. Rivers, 2(3), 221-235.
Stromberg, J.C. 2001. Restoration of riparian vegetation in the south-western United States: importance of flow regimes and fluvial dynamism. Journal of Arid Environments 49:17-34.
Stromberg, J.C., J. Fry, and D.T. Patten, DT. 1997. Marsh development after large floods in an alluvial, arid-land river. Wetlands 17:292-300.
Stromberg, J. C., R. Tiller, and B. Richter. 1996. Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: the San Pedro, Arizona. Ecological Applications 6:113-131.
Stromberg, J. C. 1993. Instream flow models for mixed deciduous riparian vegetation within a semiarid region. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 8:225-235.
Stromberg, J. C., S. D. Wilkins, and J. A. Tress. 1993. Vegetation-hydrology models: implications for management of Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite) riparian ecosystems. Ecological applications. 3: 307-314.
Stromberg, J. C. and D. T. Patten. 1992. Mortality and age of black cottonwood stands along diverted and undiverted streams in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Madrono. 39: 205-223.
Stromberg, J. C., D. T. Patten, and B. D. Richter. 1991. Flood flows and dynamics of Sonoran riparian forests. Rivers. 2: 221-235.
Stromberg, J. C. and D. T. Patten. 1990. Riparian vegetation instream flow requirements: a case study from a diverted stream in the eastern Sierra Nevada, CAlifornia. Environmental Management. 14: 185-194.
Stromberg, J. C. and D. T. Patten. 1991. Instream flow requirements for cottonwoods at Bishop Creek, Inyo County, California. Rivers. 2: 1-11.
Stromberg, J. C., J. A. Tress, S. D. Wilkins and S. D. Clark. 1992. Response of velvet mesquite to groundwater decline. Journal of Arid Environments. 23: 45-58.
Stromberg, J.C, VB Beauchamp, MD Dixon, SJ Lite and C. Paradzick. Importance of low-flow and high-flow characteristics to restoration of riparian vegetation along rivers in arid south-western United States. Freshwater Biology (2007) 52, 651-679.
Tallent-Halsell, N.G. and L.R. Walker. 2002. Responses of Salix gooddingii and Tamarix ramosissima to flooding. Wetlands 22:776-785.
Tabacchi, E., & Tabacchi, A.-M. P. (2001). Functional significance of species composition in riparian plan communities. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 1629-1637.
Taylor, J. P., D. B. Wester, and L. M. Smith. 1999. Soil disturbance, flood management, and riparian woody plant establishment in the Rio Grande floodplain. Wetlands 19: 372-382.
Trimble, S. W. 2004. Effects of riparian vegetation on stream channel stability and sediment budgets. Water Science and Application 8:1-10.
Trimble, S.W., 1997, Stream channel erosion and change resulting from riparian forests: Geology, v. 25, p. 467-469.
Wallerstein, N.P. and Thorne, C.R. (2004). Influence of large woody debris on morphological evolution of incised, sand-bed channels. Geomorphology, 57: 53-73.
Walsh, K., Bowen, R., & Skibitzke, H. Aerial Photograph Interpretation of Riparian Vegetation/Geomorphology Relations on Bishop Creek. in Sierran Riparian Conference Tempe, AZ.
Whiteman, KE. 2006. Distribution of salt cedar (Tamarix spp. L) along an unregulated river in South-western New Mexico, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 64: 364-368.

	Interstate Stream Commission> Basins and Programs> Colorado River Basin> GSFCC> GSFCC - Technical Subcommittee> Reference Literature Gila-San Francisco Coordinating Committee - Technical Subcommittee Reference Literature - Relevant Desert Southwest Riparian Abernethy, B. , & Rutherfurd, I. D. (1998). Where along a river's length will vegetation most effectively stabilise stream banks? Geomorphology, 23, 55-75. Amlin, N. A., & Rood, S. B. (2001). Inundation tolerances of riparian willows and cottonwoods. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 1709-1720. Amlin, N.M. and S.B. Rood. 2002.Comparative tolerances of riparian willows and cottonwoods to water-table decline. Wetlands 22:338-346. Anderson, B.W., P.E. Russell, and R.D. Ohmart. 2004. Riparian revegetation: an account of two decades of experience in the arid southwest. Avvar Books, Blythe, CA. Apple, L. L. (1985). Riparian Habitat Restoration and Beavers. (USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS. Asplund, K. K. and M. T. Gooch. 1988. Geomorphology and the distributional ecology of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) in a desert riparian canyon. Desert Plants 9 (1): 17-27. Auble, G., Friedman, J., Scott, M., & Shafroth, P. (1998) Gradient Models Predicting Changes in Riparian Vegetation from Altered Streamflow [Web Page]. http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/projects/gradient_models_streamflow.html. Auble, G. T., Friedman, J. M., & Scott, M. L. (1994). Relating riparian vegetation to present and future streamflows. Ecological Applications, 4, 544-554. Bagstad, K.J., Stromberg, J.C. and S.J. Lite. In Press. Response of herbaceous riparian plants to rain and flooding on the San Pedro River, Arizona. Wetlands. Baker, M.B., Jr., P.F. Ffolliott, L.R. DeBano, and D.G. Neary. 2004. Riparian areas of the southwestern United States: hydrology, ecology, and management. Lewis Publishers. Beauchamp, V.B. 2004. Effects of flow regulation on a Sonoran riparian ecosystem, Verde River, Arizona. PhD Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Bendix, J. and C.R. Hupp. 2000. Hydrological and geomorphological impacts on riparian plant communities. Hydrological Processes 14:2977-2990. Boles, P. H., & Dick-Peddle, W. A. (1983). Woody riparian vegetation patterns on a segment of the Mimbres River in southwestern New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist, 28, 81-87. Braatne, J.H. S.B. Rood and P.H. Heilman. 1996. Life history, ecology, and conservation of riparian cottonwoods in North America. Pages 57-85 in R.F. Stettler, H.D. Bradshaw, Jr., P.E. Heilman, and T.M. Hinckley, editors. Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bragg, O. M., Hulme, P. D., Ingram, H. A. P., Johnson, J. P., & Wilson, A. I. A. (1994). A maximum-minimum recorder for shallow water tables, developed for ecohydrological studies on mires. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 589-592. Bren, L. J. (1993). Riparian zone, stream and floodplain issues: A review. Journal of Hydrology, 150, 277-299. Campbell, C. J., & Green, W. (1968). Perpetual succession of stream-channel vegetation in a semiarid region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, 5, 86-98. Cooper, D. J. (1993). Sustaining and restoring western wetland and riparian ecosystems threatened by or affected by water development projects. (Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-247). Fort Collins, CO: USDA Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Cooper, D.J., D.M. Merritt, D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, USA. Regulated Rivers-Research & Management 15:419-440. Drezner, T.D., P.L. Fall, and J.C. Stromberg. 2001. Plant distribution and dispersal mechanisms at the Hassayampa River Preserve, Arizona, USA. Global Ecology & Biogeography 10:205-212. Dykaar, B.B. and P.J. Wigington. 2000. Floodplain formation and cottonwood colonization patterns on the Willamette River, Oregon, USA. Environmental Management 25:87-104. Everitt, B. L. (1968). Use of the Cottonwood in an Investigation of the Recent History of a Floodplain. American Journal of Science, 266, 417-439. Everitt, B. L. 1995. Hydrologic factors in regeneration of Fremont cottonwood along the Fremont River, Utah. Geophysical Monograph 89:197-208. Everitt, B.L., 1979, Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region: discussion: Geological Society of America bulletin, Part I, v. 90, p. 1183. Fenner, P., Brady, W. W., & Patton, D. R. (1984). Observations on seeds and seedlings of Fremont cottonwood. Desert Plants, 6, 55-58. Fenner, P., W. W. Brady, and D. R. Patton. 1985. Effects of regulated water flows on regeneration of Fremont cottonwood. Journal of Range Management 38 : 135-138. Franz, E. H., & Bazzaz, F. A. (1977). Simulation of vegetation response to modified hydrologic regimes: A probabilistic model based on niche differentiation in a floodplain forest. Ecology, 58(1), 176-183. Friedman, J.M. and V.J. Lee. 2002. Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams. Ecological Monographs 72:409-425. Friedman, J.M., W.R. Osterkamp, and W.M. Lewis. 1996. The role of vegetation and bed-level fluctuations in the process of channel narrowing. Geomorphology 14:341-351. Galuszka, D.A. and T.E. Kolb. 2002. Tree growth and regeneration response to climate and stream flow in a species-rich southwestern riparian forest. Western North American Naturalist 62:266-279. Gladwin, D.N. and J.E. Roelle. 1998. Survival of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) and saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) seedlings in response to flooding. Wetlands 18:669-674. Graf, W.L., 1978, Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1491-1501. Graf, W.L., 1982, Tamarisk and river-channel management: Environmental Management, v. 6, p. 283-296. Groeneveld, D. P., & Griepentrog, T. E. (1985). Interdependence of Groundwater, Riparian Vegetation, and Streambank Stability: A Case Study. (USDA Forest Service General Tech. Rep. RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS. Gurnell, A. M. (1995). Vegetation along river corridors: Hydrogeomorphological interactions. in A. Gurnell & G. Petts (Eds.), Changing River Channels (pp. 239-259). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Griffin, E. R., and J. D. Smith. 2004. Floodplain stabilization of woody riparian vegetation during an extreme flood. Water Science and Application 8:153-169. Hadley, R.F., 1961, Influence of riparian vegetation on channel shape, northeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424C, p. 30-31. Harner, M.J. and J.A. Stanford. 2003. Differences in cottonwood growth between a losing and a gaining reach of an alluvial floodplain. Ecology 84:1453-1458. Hastings, J.R., 1959, Vegetation change and arroyo cutting in southeastern Arizona: Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, v. 1, p. 60-67. Heede, B. H. (1985). Interactions Between Streamside Vegetation and Stream Dynamics. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-120). Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USFS. Horton, J. L., & Clark, J. L. (2001). Water table decline alters growth and survival of Salix gooddingi and Tamarix chinensis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 140, 239-247. Horton, J.L., S.C. Hart, and T.E. Kolb. 2003. 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